THUPATNA
Thuciam Thak a kigelh zawh sawtta ahih manin, a kigelh hun lai-in lai khetna cihte om nailo hi. Tua ahih manin, Thuciam Thak pen khut vive tawh kigelh hi. Khua tuamtuam, mun tuamtuam leh gam tuamtuam a omte in amau zat dingin Thuciam Thak pen teisawn (copy) tek uh hi. Tua bang a kiteisawn laibute pen manuscript (s) kici hi. Tampi tak teisawn om ahih manin, misiamte in Thuciam Thak pen Grik pau a kigelh bekbek zong bu tuamtuam – Matthai gelh, Matthai leh Marka gelh cih leh Thuciam Thak bu khempeuh cih bangin – 5360 val om dingin tuat uh hi. Tua banga a kiteisawn kawikawina panin kammal zatdan kibanglo, gelkhialh leh paikan tampi tak om thei hi. Tua ahih manin, ‘koi pen muantak penin, koi pen kigelh masa pen ding hiam?’ cih kithei thei nawnlo hi. Tulai pau kawm pak lehang, a original lian kitheizo nawnlo ahih takteh, a original naih thei pen ding a kingaihsun, theihkhiat sawmna pen Textual Criticism deihna ahi hi.
Gentehna-in, Textual Criticism in Lungdamna Thu sunga kigelh thute pen gelhkhialh om thei hi, ci hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Lungdamna Thu (Matthai, Marka leh Luka) a kiteisawn tuamtuam bu tul (thousand) valte lak panin ‘koi pen Matthai in a khut tektek tawh a gelh hi ding hiam?’ cih pen kitheizo nawnlo hi. Mihing khut mah tawh kigelhin, kiteisawn ahih manin gelhkhialhna om thei dingin tuat uh hi. Thuciam Thak a kigelh hun lai-in laigelh pen gelkhialh leh telkhialh a baih mahmahna hang khat om sawnsawn lai a, tua pen: Laimal kizom khinin kigelhin, a mallian (Capital letter) bek kizang ahih manin, a teisawnte adingin etkan, paikan leh muhkhialh baihdiak se hi. Tua ahih manin, Textual Criticism in Evangelist-te gelh tawh a kibang thei pen (original naih pen) ding a kingaihsunte kankhiat sawm hi.
1. KHIALHNA TUAMTUAM OM THEITE
Thuciam Thak a teisawnte in gelhkhialh leh paikan pawlkhat nei thei-in, a khialhna lian diakte pen a nuaia bangin khenna kinei hi.
(a) Dittography: Muh khialhna hanga kammal zatsa zatkik genna ahi hi. Gentehna-in, Matthai 22:32 sunga “Amah pen a si Pasian hilo hi” cih ding ah, “Pasian pen a si Pasian hilo hi” cih bangin kigelh thei hi.
(b) Haplography (or scribal Leap): A kiteisawn hun lai a kammal leh laimal pawlkhat paikan khakte genna ahi hi. Hih bang a gelh khialhte, a kammal a kilehbulh ek zong om thei hi.
(c) Homoeoarchton: A teisawnte in a sawm man uh hilo, laigual kipatna (beginning sentence) a kammal kibang om tuamtuamte tawh enkhawm kha ahih manin, a gelh loh dingzaw gelh kha in paikan thei hi.
(d) Homoeoteleuton: Laigual tawpna (ending) a kammal kibang om tuamtuamte enkhawm kha ahih manin, a gelhloh ding zaw gelh kha, cihna hi. A teisawnte in a etloh dingzaw en kha, cihna hi.
(e) Tranposition: Kammal nih hiam, tua sanga a tamzaw hiam, sawm lohpi a paikan khakna hanga kammal kilehbulh genna ahi hi.
A tung a bangin Thuciam Thak a kiteisawnna lamah khialhna tampi kibawlkha thei ahih manin, ‘koi pen muantak penin, koi pen a original naih pen ding hiam?’ cih pen Textual Critic-te theih nop ahi hi. Tua banah, ngimna neisa kawma kilaih kammalte zong Textual Criticism in huam veve hi. Hih tawh kisai-in a nuai-ah a kicingzaw-in kigen hi. Tua ahih leh, “Textual Criticism in a original naih thei pen dinga ngaihsut laibu pen bangci bangin theithei ding ahi hiam?” cih dotna om thei hi. A nuaia-te pen a original leh a duplicate tehna (measurement) dinga kizang pawlkhatte ahi hi.
2. MIDANGTE GENNA LEH ZATNA PANIN (EXTERNAL EVIDENCES)
(a) Grik pau a kigelh Thuciam Thak bu 5360 lak panin teci a nei tam penpen (many witnesses) muantak pen dingin kingaihsun hi. Gentehna-in, laibu 300-te teci panna pen laibu 3-te teci panna sangin muantakzaw dingin kingaihsun hi.
(b) A kigelh masazaw (upazaw) leh tua hun laia lai gelhte in a etteh (quote) mun penpen laibu pen a original naih pen dingin kituat hi. Gentehna-in, AD 2-3 a kigelhte pen AD 6-9 sung a kigelhte sangin muantakzaw cihna hipah hi.
(c) Gam khenneu (region) khat sung bek (e.g. Italy sung) a kizangte sangin, gam tuamtuama (e.g. Africa, Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor, Spain) kizangte pen muantakzaw dingin ngaihsutna om hi.
(d) Tecite lakah zong a muanhuai leh belhtakzaw deuh om leuleu-in, amaute teci piakte pen a original naihzaw dingin tuatna om hi. Gentehna-in, zumkong-mangkong (court) sungah zong teci muantakzaw deuh a om mah bangin, Codex B leh papyri (p75)-te pen a dang tampi takte sangin muantakzaw in kingaihsun hi.
(e) A bu tuamtuam kigelhte pen khen (group) tuamtuamin kikhenin, tuate pen: Alexandrian Witnesses, Western Witnesses, leh Byzantine Witnesses, cih bangte ahi hi. Hihte lakah zong, Alexandrian Witness pen upa penin, laimal lian (capital; tua pen laimal neu a kizatma) tawh lai a kigelh hun laia kigelhte ahih manin, a dang teng sangin muantakzaw dingin kingaihsun hi.
3. THUCIAM THAK BUTE SUNG PANIN THEIH THEIH (INTERNAL EVIDENCES)
Thuciam Thak bu-te sung tektek panin zong ‘koi penin a original naih pen ding hiam?’ cih tehna misiamte mahin na nei uh hi. Hih tawh kisai-in nam nihin kikhen thei a, tuate pen: Transcriptional Probabilities leh Intrinsic Probabilities ahi hi.
(a) Transcriptional Probabilities cih ciangin, Thuciam Thak a teisawnte in laimal leh kammal pawlkhat pen amau thu tawh hi loin, sawm lohpi leh theih kholhlohpi-in a tawlluat man (fatigue) hiam, a cihtak zawh loh man (carelessness) hiam a gelhkhialh khakte genna ahi hi. Laimal gawm diklo, laimal/kammal leh a gual nangawn gelh khakloh, cih bangin khialhna tampi tak om thei hi.
Tua banah, a teisawnte in amau thu leh deihna tawh kammal laih pawl zong nei hi. Ahi zongin tuate pen a grammar manzaw ding leh kicianzaw ding deihna hang a kilaih ahih banah, a gelhte ngaihsutna tawh zong kituakzaw hi. Tua banah, a sim ding mite ngaihsun kawma a kigelh ciangin, kammal laih kisam pawl zong om hi. Tua banga bawlhoihna a kimuh ciangin, a kibawl hoihlozaw leh a grammar diklozaw a kigelhte pen a original tawh kinaizaw dingin kingaihsun hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, a grammar nangawn zong kipuah man nailo ahih manin, kigelh masazaw ding hi, cih ngaihsutna om hi. Tua banah, a kizuun nailo kammal (sentence) leh a tomzawte pen muantakzaw-in kingaihsun hi. Tua banga kammal laih leh khekna a kineih ciangin, Johan 1:34 sunga “Pasian’ Tapa” pen “Pasian’ teel” hiam “Pasian’ Tapa teel” ci-in kigelh thei hi. Tua mah bangin, Luka 6:20 sunga “noh mizawngte” (Blessed are the poor) kici pen, Matthai 5:3 sungah “Kha thu lamah zawngkhal a kisate” (Blessed are the poor in Spirit) ci-in, “Kha thu lamah” (in Spirit) cih pen kibehlap hi.
(b) Intrinsic Probabilities sungah, Thuciam Thak bute sung panin ‘koi pen a gelhte (authors) laipai (style), kammal zatzia (language) leh ngaihsutzia (theology) tawh kituak pen ding hiam?’ cih kanna kinei hi. Gentehna-in, thumal gawmdan (sentence) pen Thuciam Thak laibu 2-te (e.g. Matthai leh Luka) kikalah kibanglo ahih leh, tua laigelh pen ‘kua (e.g. Matthai, Luka) laipaizia (style) leh ngaihsutna (theology) tawh kituakzaw ding hiam?’ ci-in kikan hi.
Lai Siangtho sung panin gentehna khat gen lehang kitel thei ding hi. Marka 1:3 sunga “A tot ding lampi tangsak un” (Make straight His paths) kici pen, a kiteisawnna pawlkhat sungah “I Topa tot ding lampi tangsak un” (Make straight the paths of our God) kici hi. Hihte nih lak panin a kipuah nai kiuhkeuh lo, ahi bang banga kigelh Marka pen sanhuaizaw dingin kituat hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, a teisawnte in Marka gelhna kicingzo sa loin kammal behlap hi ding hi, cih ngaihsutna om hi. Tua banah, a laigual sauzaw tawh kigelhkik ahih manin Marka gelhsa pen a kipuahpha hi ding hi, cih kingaihsun thei hi. Tua ahih manin, a kipuahlo leh a tomzaw a kigelhte pen a original naihzaw dingin Literary Critic-te in ngaihsun uh hi.
THUKHUPNA
Lungdamna Thu bute sungah hi-in Lai Siangtho bu khat peuhpeuh sungah hita leh, Textual Critic-te in Lai Siangtho sungah ‘gelkhialhna om thei hi,’ ci-in ngaihsun uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, a kigelh masa penpen kitheizo nawn loin, a kiteisawnte bek kimu thei lai ahihna hang ahi hi. Ahi zongin, tua bang ngaihsutna in Lai Siangtho pen ‘Pasian thu hi lo hi,’ ci tuanlo hi. A teisawn leh a gelhte pen mihing mah hi-in, ‘mihingte pen a khial theimah hi’ (to err is human) cibek a; ahi zongin Pasian thu peuhpeuh pen ‘khial hi,’ ci lo hi. I gensawm telsiam hang maw!
LAI-LEENG 