THUPATNA
Form Criticism in Lungdamna Thu bu (or Lai Siangtho) sung a kigelh thute pen gelhkhialh om thei hi, a cih banah; Evangelist-te (Matthai, Marka leh Luka) zong a gelhte cih sangin a kaikhawmte cih hizaw leh kilawmzaw ding hi, ci-in gen uh hi. Gentehna-in, Matthai, Marka leh Luka-te in Lungdamna Thu bute pen gelh taktak loin, amaute in a omsa thute zangin lemkhawm cihna suak uh hi (arrangers rather than authors). Ahi zongin, tua bang ngaihsutna pen Redaction Criticism in sangzo loin, Matthai, Marka leh Luka-te in zong Lungdamna Thu bute pen gelh taktak mah uh hi, ci-in tuat hi. Redaction Criticism in Lungdamna Thu bute pen a kigelhma hun a kipanin a kigelh khit dong a sut banah, Evangelist-te in a gelh uh thute pen mite in a telsiam zawk theihna dingin a “puahphat dante” (redacted) zong kankhawm pah hi. Tua ahih leh, Redaction Criticism in ‘Lai Siangtho gelhte in a hun leh mun tawh kizui-in (sitz-im-leben) bang teng puahphakik in, bang teng bawlpha (edit) hi ding hiam?’ cih sut telna nei hi. Hih thu hangin pawlkhatte in Redaction Criticism pen Editorial Criticism zong na ci uh hi.
1. REDACTION CRITICISM TUP-LE-NGIM
(a) Redaction Criticism in Lungdamna Thu a kigelhna sungah Evangelist-te (Lungdamna thu’ gelhte genna hi) in zong a gelh bek hi loin, bawlphat leh puahphat pawl zong nei kha ding uh ahih manin, tua a kipuahphatna leh bawlphatna munte theihkhiat sawm hi.
(b) Tua banga puahphat leh bawlphatna a om ciangin, Lai Siangtho gelhte in deihna tuam (theological motivation) nei dingin ngaihsutna om hi. Gentehna-in, “Matthai leh Luka in Marka gelhna sung panin tangthu kibang khat a gelhsawnkik uh ciangin, bang hangin kammal pawlkhatte puahpha-in, laih sese hi ding hiam?” cih pen Redaction Criticism in a theihnop pen ahi hi. Gentehna in, Matthai leh Luka in Marka kiang panin a laksawn uh thute pen amau (Luka leh Matthai) kammal zat ngeisa tawh kituakin gelhsawnkik uh ahih leh, amaute in Marka gelh thute pen puahpha uh hi, cih pen kithei thei pah hi.
(c) Lai Siangtho gelhte in deihna tuam vilvel khat tawh kammal pawlkhatte khengin puahpha bek hi loin, a laihna uh leh puahphatna uh tungtawnin telsaknop (gen nop) dang khat nei hizaw dingin Redaction Critic-te in ngaihsun uh hi. Tua ahih manin, mun khat-le-nih sung beka a kipuahphatnate bek en loin, a laibu sung buppi deihna (e.g. Matthai/Luka deihna) tawh kituaka a kipuahphat kawikawinate zong en uh hi (not only individual alterations but also an overall theology). Tua tungtawnin “Lai Siangtho gelhte in bang deihna tawh laih hi ding hiam?” cih pen theihkhiat sawm uh hi.
(d) Redaction Criticism in Form Criticism mah bangin, tangthu kigenna mun-le-mual (sitz-im-leben- life’s setting) pen thupi sakin, a simding mite (recipients) kisapna tawh kizui leh kituakin Jesu thugente pen a kigensawn leh a kipuahpha hi dingin tuat uh hi. Jesu gen dan lianlian bangin a kigenkik nawnloh hangin, mipite leh pawlpite kisap dan tawh kizui-in a kisam teng bek mah kigensawn hi dingin tuat uh hi.
2. BANGCI BANGIN LAI SIANGTHO GELHTE IN THU LAIH-IN PUAHPHA HI DING HIAM?
Lai Siangtho gelhte tavuan pen, a omsa thute panin khangsawnte simtheih ding a zuun-le-puah leh kepcing ahi hi (preservation). Ahi zongin, tua banga a kipuah ciangin ‘kammal pawlkhatte pen kilaihin kipuahpha takpi mah hi’ cih pen bangci bangin kitheithei ding hiam?
(a) Adiakin, Lungdamna Thu bute sung a ki-et ciangin, Evangelist-te in thupiang khat a gawmtuahna (conflate) panin kimu thei hi. Amaute in kisam leh hoih a sak teng uh gelhin, kisam a sak loh teng uh pen gelh lo ziau uh hileh kilawm hi. Gentehna-in, Matthai leh Luka in Jesu a kize-etna thu a gelh uh ciangin, thu patna dingin Marka etteh in (Mt. 4:1-2; Lk. 4:1-2), ahi zongin a ban zopna dingin Q[1] zang tuaktuak uh hileh kilawm hi (Mt. 4:3-11=Lk. 4:3-13). ‘Q zang tuaktuak’ cih ciangin, Marka sunga om lo; ahi zongin, etteh kibang khat (tua pen Q) nei uh hi, cihna ahi hi.
(b) A khatna mah tawh kibang pian napi, ahi zongin a nihna pen Jesu tangthu leh thugente pen a kigensawnkik ciangin hilhcianna (explanation) tawh thuahkhawm uh hi. Gentehna-in, Matthai 4:12-16 in Marka 1: 14 sung a gelhsawnna-ah, a kitelzaw in hilhcianna neikik-in; tua banah Thuciam Lui tangtunna ahihna zong genkhawm pah hi.
(c) Lai Siangtho gelhte in kammal pawlkhat leh thu pawlkhatte pen ‘deihna nei-in’ laih uh hileh kilawm hi. Gentehna-in, Luka in Marka tung pana a laksawn, inntung panin damlo a kikhaisukna thu pen (Lk. 5:19 = Mk. 2:4); Matthai in a gelhsawnna ah, inntung pana a kikhaisukna thu pen gelh lo citciat se hi (Mt. 8:2). Kicing khinsa ahih manin, gelh sese lo hikha ding hi. Tua mah bangin Luka sung a “Pasian Tapa” (Lk. 12:8) kici pen Matthai-in “Keimah (I)” ci-in laih hi (Mt. 10:32).
(d) Lai Siangtho gelhte in ‘deihna tuam’ nei uh ahih manin, thu pawlkhatte pen laih-in puahpha (alteration) hi ding hi. A mantakin ci lehang, a tunga kigente khempeuh zong deihna tuam khat hanga kipuahpha vive mah kici thei hi. Ahi zongin i gennop zawkin, ‘telkhialh leh sankhialh a om lohna dinga sawmna leh ngimna nei kawmsa a kipuahpha-te’ (direct alterations) hi diak hi. Gentehna-in, Marka 6:5 sung a Jesu in na lamdang bawl theilo dan a kigen pen; a kitelkhialh lohna dingin Matthai-in, mite in a uplohna hangin Jesu in na lamdang tampi bawllo hi (Mt. 13:58), ci-in puahpha hi. Tua mah bangin, Marka 10: 17-18 sunga thu pen Matthai-in gentelna nei kik hi (Mt. 19:16-17).
3. REDACTION CRITICISM HOIHNA LEH HOIH LOHNA PAWLKHATTE
Redaction Critic‑te in, Lai Siangtho gelhte in Pasian lamlahna zangin mipite kisapna tawh kizui-in Jesu tangthu leh thugente pen gelhsawnkik uh hi, ci-in sang uh hi. Amaute (Lai Siangtho gelhte) pen Kha Siangtho-in, gelh ding leh gelh loh dingte theisak uh hi. Tua banah, amaute in kammal pawlkhat leh thu pawlkhatte a laihna uh tungtawnin, Lai Siangtho gelhte in Pasian thu pen a san dan uh zong kithei thei hi. Tua ahih manin, a vekpi un Pasian thu siam (theologian) kici thei ding hi. Tua mah bangin, kammal pawlkhat leh thu pawlkhatte a kipuahphatna panin, Lai Siangtho gelhte’ deihna leh ngimna (intended meaning) pen kithei thei hi.
Ahi zongin Redaction Critics-te in “Four-Document Hypothesis” (Marka pen kigelh masa pen dinga ngaihsutna) pansanin thu kan uh ahih manin, a sang theilo Lai Siangtho siamte lakah zong om uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, “Four-Document Hypothesis” mahmah zong mikim san’kim hi loin, phuaktawm a cipawl omlai uh hi. Tua ahih manin, pawlkhatte adingin Redaction Criticism pen san haksa mahmah hi. Tua banah, a kipuahpha leh a kilaih laimal/kammalte pen Pawlpite kisap dan tawh kituak bek hi loin, Jesu Khris hang tektek mah (Christological interest) leh kammal deih gawhna tawha kilaih (for styles) pawl zong om thei hi, cih pen Redaction Critic-te in tuatin nei kha lo uh hi.
THUKHUPNA
A tunga kigenna panin, Redaction Criticism in Form Criticism leh Source Criticism‑te kan khak loh, ahi zongin Lai Siangtho a kisim ciang a dotna leh haksatna om theite kankhiat sawm hi. Tua bang haksatna leh dotna om theite pen Lai Siangtho gelhte kammal zatzia, lai paizia leh kammal puahphatna tawh kisai thute hizaw deuh hi. Tua ahih manin, a kannop pen ciangtan nei ahih manin Lai Siangtho sunga haksatna om khempeuhte adingin dawnna pia lo hi, cih phawk tek ni.
Ka behlap nop khatin, Jesu tangthu leh thugente a kideihkaih (alter) ciangin, Pasian thu ahihna leh Jesu thugen ahihna bei tuan lo hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Lai Siangtho gelhte in, Kha Siangtho lamlahna mah tawh gelhin puahpha uh hi. A tomin gen lehang, Jesu thugen leh Ama tangthute pen mipite kisapna bang leh telsiam theih dingin Evangelist-te in puahphazaw uh ana hi gige hi.
[1] Q panin lasawn tuaktuak cih a kitheihna pen, Matthai leh Luka gen dan kibang lian ahih manin, amaute in a etteh uh kibang cihna hithei ding hi.
LAI-LEENG 