Synoptic Gospels leh Johan gelh Lungdamna Thu a kibatna leh a kibatlohna a kicingzaw in genkik nuam hi hang. A tomin gen lehang, hih a nuaiah Johan leh Synoptic Gospels etkakna kinei ding hi.
1. A KIBATLOHNA PAWLKHATTE
Synoptic Gospels leh Johan gelh Lungdamna Thu pen a kibatlohna om takpi mah hiam, cih pen hih a nuaia thute panin kithei thei ding hi.
(a) A Sung Thute Kibanglo (Material and Content): M. M. Thompson-in, Johan sungah Jesu thugentehna (parables) kimu lo hi, ci-in gen hi. Ahi zongin Matthai, Marka leh Luka sung i ettak ciangin, Jesu in gentehna zangin thu a genna tampi tak kimu hi (e.g. Mk. 4:3-8, 26-29, 30-32=Mt. 13:31-32=Lk. 13:18-19, etc).
Tua banah, Johan in Synoptic Gospels sunga thu tampi – Jesu khangthu leh a suahna thu (Mt. 1:1-25; Lk. 2:1-7; 3:23-38), mipilte hawhna (Mt. 2:1-12), Egypt gam taina leh naungek a kithahna (Mt. 2:13- 18), Jesu a kize-etna (Mt. 4: 1:11= Mk. 1:12-13= Lk. 4:1-13), mualtung thuhilhna (Mt. 5-7), Elizabeth kianga Mary hawhna (Lk. 1: 39-45), Mary phatna la (Lk. 1:46-56), meel kikhelna (Mt. 17:1-13=Mk. 9:2-13=Lk. 9:28-36), etc. – cihte pen a laibu sungah khum lo hi. Tua mah bangin Johan laibu sunga kimu Kana khua mopawi zatna a tui leenggahzu a kisuaksakna (Jn. 2:1-11), Nikodemas leh Jesu kihona (Jn. 3:1-21), Samaria numei tawh Jesu kihona (Jn. 4), “Keimah in” (“I am” sayings) cih kammalte (e.g. Jn. 6:35; 10: 7-8, 11, 14-15; 11: 25-26, etc), Lazarus tangthu (Jn. 11), nungzuite khesil sakna (Jn. 13:1-20) leh a dang tuamtuamte pen Synoptic Gospels sungah kimu lo leuleu hi.
(b) Kammal Zatzia leh Laipai (style) Kibanglo: Synoptic Gospels i sim ciangin, “Pasian Ukna” (Kingdom of God) cih kammal pen kitam muh mahmah hi (e.g. Mk. 1:15; 4: 1-20; Mt. 13:1-23; Lk. 8:4-15; 11:20, etc.). Jesu thugentehnate sungah zong muh ding om zihzeh hi (e.g. Mk. 2:21-22; 4:30-32; Mt. 9:17; 13:31; Lk. 5:37; 13:19, etc.). Ahi zongin Johan sung i ettak ciangin, “Pasian Ukna” cih kammal pen 2-vei lian kimu hi (Jn. 3:5; 18:36). Johan kammal zat mun mahmah ahi – itna, khuazing/khuavak, upna, sihna/nuntak tawntungna, etc. – cihte pen Synoptic Gospels sungah kimu khollo leuleu hi.
Gentehna dang khat genkik lehang, Synoptic Gospels sungah Jesu na lamdang bawlte genna dingin “miracle” cih kammal kizangin, ahi zongin Johan sungah “sign” (lim) cih kammal kizang hi. Tua mah bangin, nuntak tawntungna tawh kisai genna dingin Johan in “life after death” cih sangin, Synoptic Gospels a kizanglo “eternal life” cih kammal zang hi. Johan in tangthu saupipi-in a gelh deudau laitakin, Synoptic Gospels in tangthu pen gentehna tawh hiam tomkaih ziau zelse hi.
(c) Jesu Tangthu Kisai a Lepdan (Chronology) Kibanglo: Hih pen Synotic Gospels leh Johan kibatlohnate laka a lianpen khat zong hikha ding hi. Gentehna-in, Jesu in biakinn a siansuahna pen Johan sungah a nasep kipatcil lamin kimu-in (Jn. 2:13-22), tua banah Johan in Jesu pen Galilee leh Jerusalem kikal tam veipi kileh danin gen hi. Ahi zongin Synoptic Gospels sung i ettak ciangin, Jesu pen Jerusalem-ah a hun tawp kuan ciangin khatvei bek pai a, a sihma kalkhat sung khawng bek tua munah hun zang hi (cf. Mk. 11:15-19).
Singlamteh tung a Jesu kikhai hun tawh kisai-in zong kibatlohna om hi. Johan in Jesu pen Paisan Pawi hun ma ni-in (14th Nissan) a kikhai danin genin (Jn. 18:28), Synoptic Gospels in ahih leh Paisan Pawi ni tektek (15th Nissan) mahin kikhailum danin gen hi (Mt. 26:17-27). Synoptics leh Johan-te gelhna panin, Jesu sihni pen nikhat tak kihal cihna ahi hi.
Werner Georg Kummel-in Jesu nasep hun sung pen Marka 2:23 sung i et ciangin, kum 1 sungkan hih tuak loin, ahi zongin Johan sung (Jn. 2-19) i etkik tak ciangin kum 2 sangin tawmzaw lo hileh kilawm hi, ci hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Synoptic Gospels sungah Jesu in Paisan Pawi pen khatvei bek zang hi. Kum khatin Paisan Pawi pen khatvei bek kizang ahih leh, Synoptics Gospels sungah Jesu nasep hun sung pen, kum 1 sang tamzaw lo cihna hi ding hi. Ahi zongin Johan sungah Jesu in Paisan Pawi pen khatvei bek zang loin, thum veitak zang (e.g. Jn. 2:13; 5:1; 6:4; 19:14) ahih manin, Jesu nasep hun sung pen kum khat bek hi loin, kum thum bang hithei phial dingin ngaihsutna om hi.
(d) Jesu Muhdan Kibanglo: Johan in Jesu pen a vanglian mahmah, leitung mawhnate a puakhia ding leh Pasian vangliatna a pulak dingin vantung panin hong kumsuk danin genin (Jn. 5:7), Synoptic Gospels in ahih leh Jesu pen leitungah a thuak ding (Mk. 8:31) leh kiniamkhiat tak a hong pai danin gen hi (cf. Lk. 9:55; Mk. 10:45). Tua banah Synoptic Gospels sung a kimu lo, Johan in Jesu pen tangtawng peka a omkhitna thu leh Jesu pen Thu (Logos, cf. Jn. 1:1, 14) ahihna zong na gen hi (Jn. 1:1, 14; 8:58; 17:5).
Synoptic Gospels sungah, Jesu pen Messiah ahihna kidawk khiapah loin, damdam in hong kilangkhia hi. Amah in a damsak mi pawlkhatte pen Messiah ahihna pulak lo dingin kham hun zong nei hi (e.g. Mt. 9:30; 16:20). Tua ahih manin, Piter-in Jesu pen Messiah ahihna a pulak masiah pen Jesu hihna taktak kithei lo hi (Mt. 16: 13-20). Ahi zongin, Johan sungah Jesu pen Messiah ahihna a laigelh cil panin kimu pah thei hi (Jn. 1: 41).
(e) Tuiphumpa Johan Tangthu Gelhdan Kibanglo: Tuiphum Johan pen Synoptic Gospels in “tuiphum Johan” na ci sese hi. Hih Johan pen Elijah tawh zong kigenteh hi (Mt. 11:11; Lk. 7:28). Ahi zongin, Johan in “tuiphum Johan” zong cituanse loin, Jesu hong pai ding a tangko (herald) bang ciang bekin gen hi (Jn. 1: 23, 31). Amah pen Pasian sawl ahihna thu bel na gen veve hi (Jn. 1:6)
(f) Pasian Thu Muhdan (Theology) Kibanglo: Hun tawp (eschatology) tawh kisai-in, Synoptics in Pasian Ukna pen hong tung khin ahih hangin, a kicingzaw in hong tung lai ding hi (futuristic), cih pen lim genzaw hi. Ahi zongin Johan in, Pasian Ukna pen hong tung khinta in, zong kithei khin hi (realized eschatology), cih pen uang genzaw hi (Jn. 11:25). Tua mah bangin, nuntak tawntungna pen tu le tu-in (upna tawh) kingah thei hi (cf. 3:16-18; 5: 24), ci-in na gen hi.
3.2. A KIBATNA PAWLKHATTE
A kibatlohna a om laitakin, Synoptic Gospels leh Johan in kibatna zong nei veve uh hi. A masa penin, Johan leh Synoptic Gospels sungah thupiang kibang, a lepdan (structure) zong a kibang pian muh ding om hi. Gentehna-in, Synoptics sung a mah bangin Johan sungah zong, Galilee gam a Jesu a omlai-in a kituiphumna leh a nungzui ding a telna kimu in (Jn. 1:35-51), tua zawh ciangin mi 5000 a vakna leh tui tungah a paina thu kimu leuleu hi (Jn. 6: 1-15, 16-21). Tua pen (Synoptics sunga tawh kibang liankei tamah leh) Piter-in Jesu thu a genna tawh zomto in (Jn. 6: 66-71), gualzo-a Jerusalem a lut khit ciangin (Jn. 12: 12-19), a thuakna, a sihna leh a thawhkikna tawh zomto suak hi (Jn. 18-20).
Matthai, Marka leh Luka sunga mah bangin, Johan in zong Jesu pen Messiah ahihna thu leh, Messiah ahihna bang a thu hilh a, damlote damsak leh misite thokik sak ahihna thu gen hi. A ciamteh huai mahmah pen Feminist-te (numeite hihna a tawisang mite) in Synoptics leh Johan sungah Jesu nasepna a huh numei muh ding om tuaktuak hi, ci uh hi. Gentehna-in, Bethany khua a numei khatin Jesu sathau a nilhna thu kimu hi. Synoptics in hih numei min a gen loh hangin, Johan sung panin Mary cih kithei thei hi (Jn 12:3; cf. Mk. 14:3-9; Mt. 26:6-13).
A thu gelh (course) uh pawlkhat zong a kibang muh ding om hi. Stephen Smalley-in Johan 1:27 sung a tuiphum Johan tangthu tawh kisai leh Johan 4:44 sung a kamsang pen ama khua ah kipakta ngeilo hi, cihte pen Synoptic Gospels tawh kizopna nei-in gen hi. Hih thute hangin, Lai Siangtho siam pawlkhatte in (adiakin kum zalom 20-na hun ma lama-te), Johan in Lungdamna Thu a gelh ma-in Synoptic Gospels sim kha hi ngel ding hi, ci uh hi.[1] Tua ahih manin Johan in Synoptic Gospels sunga a kigelh lo deuh teng tengkhia-in, a tuamzaw deuhin gelh hi dingin tuat uh hi. Ahi zongin, tunai a mite in (e.g., Barnabas Lindars, Gardner-Smith), Johan in a laigelhna dingin Synoptics zang lo ding hi, ci-in tuatzaw uh hi. Johan in Synoptics zangin zang ta kei leh, eite i buai luatna ding omlo dingin tuat ni. Pasian thu a hihna bei tuanlo hi.
THUKHUPNA
A dang zong gen ding tampi om lai inteh. Ahi zongin, a tunga kigente panin zong Lungdamna Thu bu tuamtuamte kibatlohna leh a kibatna pawlkhatte pen kithei thei hi. Tua mah bangin, Lai Siangtho I sim ciangin zong mawk sim loin, a deihna leh a gennop (a kibatna leh a kibatlohnate tungtawn panin) theihtel sawmin sim hi lehang, kitelzaw sem kan ding hi, cih hong phawksak hi. Gentehna khat gen lehang, Lungdamna Thu Matthai gelh pen Judah mite sim dinga kigelh hizaw deuh ahih manin, Jesu pen Judah minam tawna hong pai ahihna thu pen Ama khangthu (geneology) a kisutna panin kithei thei hi (e.g., Mt. 1:1-17 sungah Jesu pen Abraham leh David suan ahihna thu cian takin kimu hi). Ahi zongin, Gentail mite sim dinga kigelh ahi Luka sungah pen, Jesu khangthu tawh kisai sutna bangmah omlo hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Gentail mite adingin Judah mite biakna tawh kizui-a Jesu hong pai ahihna thu in kisaina tam neihlo hi.
[1] Werner Georg Kummel leh Windisch-in, Johan in Marka pen etteh dingin a tuat laitak, R. H. Light Foot in ahih leh, Johan in Marka bek hi loin Matthai leh Luka zong etteh lai dingin tuat hi.
LAI-LEENG 